The formwork is built to fill out various designs: foundations and walls of buildings, stairs, basements, etc.D. Depending on the type of building, the construction of the formwork changes, and the requirements for it are changing. We often have to face formwork for the foundation, from the manufacture of which most of the construction work begins. The formwork for the foundation can be made in different ways, but there are general requirements that should be satisfied.
You will need:
A set of tools of carpenter, forests, beams, roofing material, nails.
Instructions
1
The choice of formwork and the definition of its parameters.
The most practical and economically profitable is the removable formwork in the form of wooden boards, which can be used again, moving from place to place.
The length of the board is selected so that it can be easily transported and installed in trenches. In practice, shields are used 3-4 m wide (height) shields should be 100-120 mm larger than the depth of the foundation.
The depth of the foundation is determined by the level of groundwater, the type of soil and the depth of its freezing point. The last parameter depends on the area where the construction is located. On construction websites, you can find the alleged freezing of soil for each region of Russia.
The depth of the foundation is the product of the specific coefficient (depending on the type of soil and groundwater level) to the calculated depth of freezing. The specific values of the coefficients can be found by visiting construction sites.
During the construction of the formwork, the width of the foundation base should be determined- the inner distance between the formwork boards. This parameter is usually taken 100 mm larger than the width of the wall of the building. Thus, it should not be less than 350 mm.
2
Making wooden panels for formwork.
Cut boards and beams for the manufacture of panels. The length of the board should be like the length of the panel, the length of the beam is slightly larger than the width (height) of part of the panels. Pull the panels, nullifying the boards to the beams. The distance between the beams depends on the thickness of the board, on average it is usually about 1-1.5 m.
Boards can be located in the formwork and vertically. This is done in cases where the thickness of the board is not the same. This helps to prevent the formation on the wall of the basement of the longitudinal boards at the junction, clinging to which the soil can put forward the foundation in the winter period.
3
Trench digging for the foundation
EXCEPT a trench for the base of the house of the desired depth. The breadth of the trench must be no less than 150-200 mm more than the width of the foundation.
4
Installation of formwork.
Set the shields in a trench with planks inside. The distance between the lower edges of the panels should be slightly larger than the width of the structure of the base.
Fasten the bottom of the shields with bricks, stones or log stakes, placing them between the bars and the trench wall. This stops will not allow the lower edges of the shields to spread under the pressure of a concrete solution.
Located between the upper edges of the board at a distance equal to the width of the base. Fix the strips nailed to the edges of the shield in this position. The number of fixing planks should be satisfied to withstand the pressure of the solution on the shields.
5
Walls of formwork walls inside roofing ground.
Cover the inner surface of the formwork by roofing ground or the. This is necessary to ensure the evenness of the walls of the foundation and to prevent leakage of the concrete solution in the gap between the boards.
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